{
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "status": "published",
  "locale": "es-CO",
  "edition": "Edición Colombia",
  "periodStart": "2024-01-01",
  "periodEnd": "2026-08-31",
  "countries": [
    "US",
    "ES",
    "CA",
    "PE",
    "BR"
  ],
  "selection": "Editorial, non-random, non-exhaustive; not a top-five tourism ranking or country reliability ranking.",
  "countryComparability": false,
  "annualAvailabilityEstimated": false,
  "providerResilienceRanked": false,
  "fieldOutageMeasurementsIncluded": false,
  "events": [
    {
      "id": "US-2024-ATT",
      "country": "US",
      "date": "2024-02-22",
      "category": "network",
      "evidence": "traffic",
      "scope": "AT&T / AS7018, several US cities",
      "window": {
        "es": "Unas ocho horas según el resumen de Cloudflare; no ocho horas para cada usuario.",
        "en": "About eight hours in Cloudflare's summary, not eight hours for every subscriber."
      },
      "fact": {
        "es": "Cloudflare documenta una perturbación de AT&T en varias ciudades el 22 de febrero de 2024. En Chicago, el tráfico observado cayó alrededor del 45 % frente a la semana anterior; en Dallas, alrededor del 18 %.",
        "en": "Cloudflare documents an AT&T disruption in several cities on 22 February 2024. Observed traffic in Chicago fell around 45% against the previous week; in Dallas, around 18%."
      },
      "limit": {
        "es": "Las caídas de tráfico no son porcentajes de eSIM desconectadas. No se midieron perfiles turísticos ni todo Estados Unidos.",
        "en": "Traffic reductions are not percentages of disconnected eSIMs. Tourist profiles and the whole United States were not tested."
      },
      "sources": [
        "cf-q1-24"
      ],
      "scopeEs": "AT&T / AS7018, varias ciudades de Estados Unidos",
      "esimObserved": false
    },
    {
      "id": "CA-2025-BELL",
      "country": "CA",
      "date": "2025-05-21",
      "category": "network",
      "evidence": "traffic",
      "scope": "Bell / AS577, Ontario and Québec",
      "window": {
        "es": "El tráfico recuperó su nivel esperado en aproximadamente una hora; Bell confirmó la restauración completa a las 15:00 UTC.",
        "en": "Traffic returned to its expected level in about one hour; Bell confirmed full restoration at 15:00 UTC."
      },
      "fact": {
        "es": "Tras una actualización de routers, Cloudflare observó una caída de hasta el 70 % del tráfico de Bell respecto a la semana anterior, desde aproximadamente las 13:15 UTC.",
        "en": "Following a router update, Cloudflare observed Bell traffic falling by up to 70% against the previous week, starting around 13:15 UTC."
      },
      "limit": {
        "es": "Un ASN puede transportar conexiones fijas y móviles. La ventana de tráfico y la declaración de restauración completa no son la misma medida.",
        "en": "An ASN can carry fixed and mobile connections. The traffic window and the full-restoration statement are different measurements."
      },
      "sources": [
        "cf-q2-25"
      ],
      "scopeEs": "Bell / AS577, Ontario y Québec",
      "esimObserved": false
    },
    {
      "id": "ES-2025-POWER",
      "country": "ES",
      "date": "2025-04-28",
      "category": "power",
      "evidence": "traffic",
      "scope": "Spain, national traffic observation",
      "window": {
        "es": "Inicio eléctrico alrededor de las 10:34 UTC; recuperación variable según red y zona.",
        "en": "Power event began around 10:34 UTC; recovery varied by network and area."
      },
      "fact": {
        "es": "El apagón ibérico del 28 de abril de 2025 produjo una caída importante del tráfico de Internet observado en España. La infraestructura eléctrica es una dependencia que una eSIM internacional no elimina.",
        "en": "The Iberian blackout of 28 April 2025 produced a major reduction in observed Internet traffic in Spain. An international eSIM does not remove the dependency on electrical infrastructure."
      },
      "limit": {
        "es": "No se deduce una duración uniforme de corte para toda España ni para todos los operadores móviles.",
        "en": "No uniform outage duration is inferred for all of Spain or every mobile operator."
      },
      "sources": [
        "cf-iberia"
      ],
      "scopeEs": "España, observación de tráfico nacional",
      "esimObserved": false
    },
    {
      "id": "BR-2024-X",
      "country": "BR",
      "date": "2024-08-31",
      "category": "blocking",
      "evidence": "measurement",
      "scope": "X / twitter.com on more than 25 tested networks",
      "window": {
        "es": "Señales desde el 31 de agosto de 2024. Decisión de retorno: 8 de octubre; la ficha OONI cubre hasta el 11 de octubre.",
        "en": "Signals from 31 August 2024. Return authorised on 8 October; the OONI finding covers through 11 October."
      },
      "fact": {
        "es": "OONI encontró señales de bloqueo de X en más de 25 redes probadas, mediante interferencia DNS o bloqueo IP según la red. El STF autorizó el retorno el 8 de octubre de 2024.",
        "en": "OONI found signs of X blocking on more than 25 tested networks, involving DNS interference or IP blocking depending on the network. The STF authorised its return on 8 October 2024."
      },
      "limit": {
        "es": "Es un bloqueo de servicio, no una desaparición de Internet. La fecha judicial, el restablecimiento por red y la cobertura de mediciones deben mantenerse separados.",
        "en": "This is a service block, not the disappearance of Internet access. The court date, restoration by network and measurement coverage must remain distinct."
      },
      "sources": [
        "ooni-br",
        "stf-br"
      ],
      "scopeEs": "X / twitter.com, más de 25 redes probadas",
      "esimObserved": false
    },
    {
      "id": "PE-2025-CONTINUITY",
      "country": "PE",
      "date": "2025-06-15",
      "category": "continuity",
      "evidence": "regulator",
      "scope": "Lima, mobile services",
      "window": {
        "es": "Sin interrupción del servicio según OSIPTEL; degradación leve y localizada.",
        "en": "No service interruption according to OSIPTEL; slight, localised degradation."
      },
      "fact": {
        "es": "OSIPTEL informó que el sismo de Lima afectó 38 estaciones base, menos del 1 % del total regional. No se interrumpieron la telefonía ni el Internet móvil; otras estaciones absorbieron parte de la demanda.",
        "en": "OSIPTEL reported that the Lima earthquake affected 38 base stations, less than 1% of the regional total. Mobile telephony and Internet were not interrupted; other stations absorbed part of the demand."
      },
      "limit": {
        "es": "Contraejemplo de continuidad, excluido del número de cortes. No demuestra que cada eSIM mantuviera su velocidad habitual.",
        "en": "A continuity counterexample, excluded from the disruption count. It does not prove that every eSIM retained its usual speed."
      },
      "sources": [
        "osiptel-pe"
      ],
      "scopeEs": "Lima, servicios móviles",
      "esimObserved": false
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "cf-q1-24",
      "org": "Cloudflare Radar",
      "title": "Q1 2024 Internet disruption summary",
      "url": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/q1-2024-internet-disruption-summary/",
      "consulted": "2026-09-14"
    },
    {
      "id": "cf-q2-25",
      "org": "Cloudflare Radar",
      "title": "Q2 2025 Internet disruption summary",
      "url": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/q2-2025-internet-disruption-summary/",
      "consulted": "2026-09-14"
    },
    {
      "id": "cf-iberia",
      "org": "Cloudflare Radar",
      "title": "How the power outage in Portugal and Spain impacted the Internet",
      "url": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/how-power-outage-in-portugal-spain-impacted-internet/",
      "consulted": "2026-09-14"
    },
    {
      "id": "ooni-br",
      "org": "OONI",
      "title": "Brazil blocked Twitter/X",
      "url": "https://explorer.ooni.org/findings/2024-brazil-blocked-twitter-x",
      "consulted": "2026-09-14"
    },
    {
      "id": "stf-br",
      "org": "Supremo Tribunal Federal",
      "title": "STF autoriza o retorno imediato do X",
      "url": "https://noticias.stf.jus.br/postsnoticias/stf-autoriza-o-retorno-imediato-do-x-e-determina-que-anatel-adote-providencias-para-a-retomada-do-servico/",
      "verification": "Official indexed notice dated 8 October 2024; direct retrieval returned 403.",
      "consulted": "2026-09-14"
    },
    {
      "id": "osiptel-pe",
      "org": "OSIPTEL",
      "title": "Sismo en Lima afectó 38 antenas, pero servicios de telefonía no se interrumpieron",
      "url": "https://www.osiptel.gob.pe/portal-del-usuario/noticias/osiptel-sismo-en-lima-afecto-38-antenas-pero-servicios-de-telefonia-no-se-interrumpieron/",
      "consulted": "2026-09-14"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://esimviajes.co/observatorio/cortes-internet-esim/",
  "datePublished": "2026-09-14",
  "dateModified": "2026-09-14",
  "stats": {
    "incidents": 4,
    "notices": 0,
    "continuity": 1,
    "nationalFixed": 62,
    "configurations": 7,
    "singleMNO": 19,
    "multipleMNO": 43
  }
}
